新加坡华语资料库

本资料库收录了具有文化、历史或情感意义的华语词汇。这些词汇是新加坡人过去或现在的生活用语，有的见于印刷媒体，有的则在日常对话中使用。

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State Courts

法政

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State Courts

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Illustration by Hong Shin

法政

Legal / Politics

释义

名词

国家法院前名为初级法院 (Subordinate Courts)。国家法院权限小于最高法院 (Supreme Court)，主要处理判刑少于十年的刑事案件、索赔不超过新币250,000元的民事诉讼、索赔不超过新币500,000元的交通事故、涉及人身伤亡的工业事故等。

DEFINITION

Noun

The State Courts were previously known as the Subordinate Courts. Their jurisdiction is below that of the Supreme Court. They mainly try criminal cases with a maximum jail term not exceeding ten years, civil cases with claims not exceeding S$250,000, road traffic accidents with claims up to S$500,000, and workplace accidents involving injury or death.

由来

新加坡法院制度包括最高法院 (Supreme Court) 与国家法院 (State Courts)。国家法院有六个个法院: 地庭 (District Courts)、推事庭 (Magistrates' Courts)、小额索偿庭 (Small Claims Tribunal)、邻里纠纷仲裁庭 (Community Dispute Resolution Tribunal)、验尸庭 (Coroner's Court) 及雇员索偿庭 (Employment Claims Tribunal)。地庭审理金额不超新币250,000元的案件; 推事庭审理金额不超过新币60,000元的案件; 小额索偿庭处理金额不超过新币20,000元的案件 (若双方同意，不超过新币30,000元索赔案件); 邻里纠纷仲裁庭调解及审理严重的邻里纠纷; 验尸庭负责展开死因聆讯，推断出致死原因; 雇员索偿庭处理索偿额不超过新币30,000元的雇佣纠纷。
1972年，政府有意兴建初级法院大厦，以将所有法庭集中在同一地点。1975年，大厦完工，初级法院陆续迁入位于合乐广场 (Havelock Square) 的八角形大厦。
2014年，初级法院更名为国家法院。同年，政府开工建设位于八角形大厦对面的新大厦。
2019年，国家法院迁入新大厦。

ETYMOLOGY

The Supreme Court and the State Courts form part of Singapore’s judicial system. The State Courts comprise various courts, namely the District Courts, Magistrates’ Courts, Small Claims Tribunal, Community Dispute Resolution Tribunal, Coroner’s Court, and Employment Claims Tribunal. The District Courts try cases for claims not exceeding S$250,000, the Magistrates’ Courts try cases for claims not exceeding S$60,000, while the Small Claims Tribunal handles cases for claims not exceeding S$20,000 (or, with agreement from the parties involved, for claims not exceeding S$30,000). The Community Dispute Resolution Tribunal mediates and hears cases involving serious disputes between neighbours. The Coroner’s Court holds enquiries to determine the cause of death. The Employment Claims Tribunal handles employment disputes for claims not exceeding S$30,000.
In 1972, the Government decided to build the Subordinate Courts Building to centralise all the courts in the same location. In 1975, the Subordinate Courts began their move into the iconic octagonal-shaped building located at Havelock Square.
In 2014, the Subordinate Courts were renamed the State Courts, and construction began on the new State Courts complex, situated opposite the existing octagonal complex.
In 2019, the State Courts moved into their new home, State Courts Towers.

例句

无论是司法程序还是硬件设施，国家法院都经历了巨大的变化。（《联合早报》，14/12/2019）

SAMPLE SENTENCE

The State Courts have undergone significant changes in both judiciary processes and physical infrastructure. (Lianhe Zaobao, 14/12/2019)