• The number of participants in a tontine group can range from around ten to more than 30.
• Each tontine scheme usually has a leader, who has several members under them; they stipulate the amount to be paid by the members every month. The leader will draw a share from the amount, but if members wish to collect any money from the tontine, they have to place a bid, with the highest bidder getting the money. Successful bidders will not be allowed to bid again for the next few months, but they must continue making monthly contributions.
• In the 1950s, there were many cases of tontine fraud in Singapore and Malaya.
• In Singapore, tontines are illegal.

A Vietnamese “wealthy lady” is suspected of absconding with S$1 million defrauded from her fellow countrywomen. She was accused of heading a tontine scheme that lured victims with promises of high interest rates. She was known to be influential in the local community of Vietnamese women, thus attracting many to participate within a few years. (Lianhe Wanbao, 17/4/2016)

标会 (Mainland China, Taiwan)、会  (Mainland China, Taiwan)