Singaporean Mandarin Database

This database contains a collection of Mandarin terms which have cultural, historical or sentimental value unique to Singapore. These terms may be used by Singaporeans in the past or at present. Some of the terms are read in print while others are used in our everyday conversations.

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四

sì

大

dà

水

shuǐ

喉

hóu

Four National Taps

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Four National Taps

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释义

名词

新加坡的四种水源，即进口水、本地集水区收集的雨水、新生水 (NEWater) 及淡化海水 (desalinated water)。也称 “新加坡四大水喉”。

DEFINITION

Noun

The four water sources of Singapore, namely imported water, water from local catchment (collected from rainwater), NEWater, and desalinated water. Also known in Mandarin as “新加坡四大水喉”.

由来
  • 新加坡的第一水喉是来自国内集水区的水源。大部分降落在新加坡的雨水都经由8,000公里长的排水沟、水道及河流引入17个蓄水池储存。目前，新加坡有三分之二的面积属于集水区，这使新加坡成为世界上少数大规模收集来自城市范围的雨水作为供水的国家之一。
  • 新加坡的第二水喉是进口水。第一份供水协议于1961年签订，让新加坡能从马来西亚柔佛州输入水源长达50年。第二份供水协议于1962年签订，则允许新加坡每天从马来西亚柔佛河抽取两亿五千加仑的河水，直到2061年。同时，新加坡会提供处理过的净水给柔佛，其水量可多达向柔佛所抽取的水量的2%。
  • 新生水为新加坡的第三水喉。新生水采用先进薄膜技术将被处理过的污水再进一步处理成高质的再生水。它有效缓解了干旱月份造成的缺水问题，是新加坡迈向可持续供水的重要支柱。
  • 新加坡的第四水喉为海水淡化。海水淡化利用反渗透技术，通过去除溶解的盐分和矿物质,将海水转化为饮用水。目前，新加坡有五座正在运营的海水淡化厂，其中之一是吉宝滨海东海水淡化厂，该厂于2020年正式投入运作。这是新加坡首座双模式海水淡化厂，具备在干旱天气时处理海水或在雨季时处理从滨海水库抽取的淡水的能力。
ETYMOLOGY
  • Singapore’s first National Tap, water from local catchment, utilises two-thirds of the country’s total land area as water catchment areas with a network of rivers, canals and drainage channels. Today, the country has 17 freshwater reservoirs of varying sizes, and an extensive 8,000-kilometre network of rivers, canals and drains that convey rainwater to these reservoirs.
  • Water imported from Malaysia constitutes Singapore’s second National Tap, which stems from two long-standing agreements: the 1961 Tebrau and Scudai Water Agreement and the 1962 Johor River Water Agreement. The latter, which remains in effect until 2061, allows Singapore to draw up to 250 million gallons of water per day from the Johor River. Singapore is obliged to provide Johor with treated water up to 2% of the water it imports.
  • NEWater forms Singapore’s third National Tap. In Singapore, there are separate collection systems for rainwater and used water. Used water from homes, businesses and industries is conveyed via the underground public sewerage system to PUB’s water reclamation plants for treatment. This treated used water is further purified into NEWater. As a weather-resilient source of water, NEWater serves as a buffer for water supply during prolonged dry weather.
  • The fourth National Tap is desalinated water. Seawater desalination employs reverse osmosis by removing dissolved salts and minerals to convert seawater into drinking water. There are currently five desalination plants in operation in Singapore, one of which is the Keppel Marina East Desalination Plant, which officially opened in 2020. It is Singapore’s first dual-mode desalination plant with capability to treat either seawater during dry weather or freshwater drawn from the Marina Reservoir during rainy weather.
例句
现在，我们有四种水资源，并把这四种资源叫作“新加坡四大水喉”。（《联合早报》，21/8/2017）
SAMPLE SENTENCE
Today, Singapore has four water sources, which are known as the Four National Taps. (Lianhe Zaobao, 21/8/2017)
参考资料
点击查看四大水喉的参考资料
REFERENCES

Click here to view references for Four National Taps

 

 

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