Singaporean Mandarin Database

This database contains a collection of Mandarin terms which have cultural, historical or sentimental value unique to Singapore. These terms may be used by Singaporeans in the past or at present. Some of the terms are read in print while others are used in our everyday conversations.

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熟

shú

食

shí

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zhōng

心

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hawker centre

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地理相关

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释义

名词

售卖熟食的地方，一般是有盖无冷气开放式的场所。也称“小贩中心”。

DEFINITION

Noun

A place where cooked food is sold. Hawker centres are sheltered but not air-conditioned. Also known in Mandarin as “小贩中心”.

由来

早在新加坡开埠时期，就有不同种族的小贩在街头兜售各种食品。1931年，英国殖民地政府决定发出执照给摊贩，但是那一年所发的执照仅限1,000张，目的是为了减少街上的小贩。
直到1950年，英国殖民地政府发现之前限制小贩执照的数量没有获得太大的成效，于是成立了小贩调查委员会（Hawkers Inquiry Commission），建议将执照分发给所有的小贩。
1968至1969年，新加坡政府实行为小贩注册的计划，每天有30到40位公共卫生检察员到全岛各地为小贩注册，同时也记下小贩的姓名、营业的地点及售卖的食品。
1974年，小贩部门的特别小组成立，当时的常务秘书（环境）向小贩部门提出了在18个月内扫除所有非法小贩的期限。
从1971年起，政府开始建设拥有基本设施的巴刹与熟食中心。在1974至1979年之间建设的熟食中心多达54座。
熟食中心一般设在有盖无冷气且空旷的场所，特色是售卖种类繁多、价格便宜的熟食与饮料。在过去会有摊位老板或助手将煮好的食物送到顾客的座位，如今主要采纳自助式的售卖方式。
新加坡目前有超过100间由国家环境局（National Environment Agency）管理的巴刹与熟食中心，总计大约13,400个摊位（根据2022年的统计）。新加坡也有非国家环境局管理，而是私人企业管理的熟食中心。
2020年12月16日，小贩文化成功列入联合国教科文组织（UNESCO）的“非物质文化遗产代表名录”。

ETYMOLOGY

From the founding years of Singapore, hawkers of different races sold their food on the streets. In 1931, the British colonial government decided to issue licences to the hawkers. However, only 1,000 hawker licences were issued that year, as the objective was to reduce the number of hawkers on the streets.
In 1950, the British colonial government realised that their hawker licence quota bore little effect on the number of hawkers. Hence, the Hawkers Inquiry Commission was formed, which recommended that licences be issued to all hawkers.
Between 1968 and 1969, the Government carried out an island-wide registration of hawkers. Public hygiene inspectors were sent to all corners of the island daily to register the hawkers, and to record their names, business locations and types of food sold.
The Hawkers Department’s Special Squad task force was formed in 1974, with an 18-month deadline to remove all illegal hawkers.
From 1971, the Government started to build markets and food centres, equipped with basic facilities. A total of 54 hawker centres were built between 1974 and 1979 alone.
Hawker centres sell a wide variety of food and drinks at affordable prices. In the past, the hawkers or their assistants would bring customers’ orders to their tables, but today it is mainly self-service.
Currently, Singapore has more than 100 markets and hawker centres managed by the National Environment Agency (NEA), housing a total of about 13,400 hawker stalls as of 2022. There are also non-NEA managed hawker centres in Singapore, such as those managed by private organisations.
On 16 December 2020, Hawker Culture in Singapore was inscribed onto the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

例句

位于裕廊西61街，先驱广场（Pioneer Mall）旁的裕廊西熟食中心将于来临星期天（8日）正式开幕。中心特地引进三台供放置托盘的机器人穿梭于食客之间，成为本地首个使用机器人收碗碟的熟食中心。（《联合早报》，5/10/2017）

SAMPLE SENTENCE

Located at Jurong West Street 61, the hawker centre beside Pioneer Mall is set to officially open this Sunday (8 October). Three tray-return robots have been specially brought in to rove between the tables, making this hawker centre the first in Singapore to utilise tray-return robots. (Lianhe Wanbao, 5/10/2017)

其他地区用语

街边型夜市（台）、美食广场（港）

TERMS USED IN OTHER REGIONS

街边型夜市 (Taiwan), 美食广场 (Hong Kong)